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Comments on Can you avoid monochromatic triangles?

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Can you avoid monochromatic triangles? Question

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In the diagram below we have pentagon ABCDE with 5 edges and 5 diagonals. These 10 line segments are currently all colored black.

The diagram contains several triangles but for this puzzle we are only interested in the 10 triangles where all three of its vertices are vertices of pentagon ABCDE.

A triangle is considered monochromatic if all three of its edges are the same color. Currently all 10 triangles are monochromatic black.

Is it possible to recolor some of the 10 line segments red, leaving the other line segments black, so that none of the 10 triangles are monochromatic?

If yes, provide a diagram showing the recoloring.
If no, prove it is impossible.

Diagram of pentagon ABCDE and its 5 diagonals (entire diagram is colored black)

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Yes.

One answer is the five exterior line segments one color and the five interior line segments another.

The reasoning is that all 10 of the triangles you care about have both exterior and interior segments. Therefore, with exterior and interior segments different colors, all of the 10 triangles must be not monochromatic.

There are possibly other solutions. I didn't look into that.

History

1 comment thread

All solutions are isomorphic to this one (2 comments)
All solutions are isomorphic to this one
Peter Taylor‭ wrote about 2 months ago

The edges of $K_5$ can be partitioned into two copies of $C_5$; making one cycle monochromatic red and the other monochromatic black generalises this solution. Now, if three edges from $A$ are red then the edges which join their other ends must be black, forming a black triangle, so every vertex has two red and two black edges. If we pick two edges from $A$ to colour red we force the colours of four more edges; then there is one remaining degree of freedom, but both choices result in one $C_5$ coloured red and one coloured black, so all solutions are isomorphic.

Olin Lathrop‭ wrote about 2 months ago

Peter Taylor‭ You have a knack for making simple things complicated, or at least impenetrable to anyone without an advanced degree in mathematics.